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This explains the usefulness of very high "overdrive" gears for highway cruising. Because cruising at an efficient speed uses much less than the maximum power of the engine, the optimum operating point for cruising at low power is typically at very low engine speed, around or below 1000 rpm. In a gasoline engine, efficiency typically drops off more rapidly than in a diesel because of throttling losses. For a turbo diesel too low a gear will move the engine into a high-rpm, low-torque region in which the efficiency drops off rapidly, and thus best efficiency is achieved near the higher gear.
#How to hypermill a car driver
A manual transmission lets the driver choose between several points along the powerband. For driving at a steady speed one cannot choose any operating point for the engine-rather there is a specific amount of power needed to maintain the chosen speed. Choice of gear (manual transmissions) Įngine efficiency varies with speed and torque. Research has shown that mandated speed limits can be modified to improve energy efficiency anywhere from 2% to 18%, depending on compliance with lower speed limits. Congestion pricing is based on this principle it raises the price of road access at times of higher usage, to prevent cars from entering traffic and lowering speeds below efficient levels.
#How to hypermill a car drivers
Communities can improve fuel efficiency by adopting speed limits or policies to prevent or discourage drivers from entering traffic that is approaching the point where speeds are slowed below 45 mph (72 km/h). Individual drivers can improve their fuel efficiency and that of others by avoiding roads and times where traffic slows to below 45 mph (72 km/h). Studies have shown speeds just above 45 mph (72 km/h) allow greatest throughput when roads are congested. Road capacity affects speed and therefore fuel efficiency as well. Electric cars, such as the Tesla Model S, may go up to 728.7 kilometres (452.8 mi) at 39 km/h (24 mph). The car will automatically switch between either battery powered mode or engine power with battery recharge. Hybrids typically get their best fuel efficiency below this model-dependent threshold speed. At higher speeds, wind resistance plays an increasing role in reducing energy efficiency. For instance, a 2004 Chevrolet Impala had an optimum at 42 mph (70 km/h), and was within 15% of that from 29 to 57 mph (45 to 95 km/h). The optimal speed varies with the type of vehicle, although it is usually reported to be between 35 mph (56 km/h) and 50 mph (80 km/h). Optimal efficiency can be expected while cruising at a steady speed, at minimal throttle and with the transmission in the highest gear (see Choice of gear, below). Maintaining an efficient speed is an important factor in fuel efficiency. Removing roof racks (and accessories) can increase fuel efficiency by up to 20%. On a typical vehicle, every extra 100 pounds increases fuel consumption by 2%. Some cars also use a half size spare tire, for weight/cost/space saving purposes. Removing common unnecessary accessories such as roof racks, brush guards, wind deflectors (or " spoilers", when designed for downforce and not enhanced flow separation), running boards, and push bars, as well as using narrower and lower profile tires will improve fuel efficiency by reducing weight, aerodynamic drag, and rolling resistance. the number of people or the amount of cargo, tools, and equipment carried in the vehicle. Mass and improving aerodynamics ĭrivers can increase fuel efficiency by minimizing transported mass, i.e. Improper wheel alignment and high engine oil kinematic viscosity also reduce fuel efficiency.
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The loss for a car is approximately 1.0% for every 2 psi (0.1 bar 10 kPa) drop in pressure of all four tires. Underinflated tires wear out faster and lose energy to rolling resistance because of tire deformation. ( August 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification.